The paper reflects on academic literature on the international normative and institutional
framework related to hate crimes. Various theoretical and pragmatic issues have been …

Purpose This paper proposes that the UKs exit from the EU is unlikely to impact heavily on
the lived reality of Roma, given its negligible impact prior to Brexit. The paper sets out a …

How and why states legislate against hate crime and what role various actors–including
human rights movements and international bodies–play in enacting change is attracting …

Using Hungary as a case study and focusing on legislative policies and the practical
application of hate crime legislation, this article shows the various ways legal policy can …

The appropriate recording of hate crime by state authorities (most usually by the police) has
been recognized internationally as important to addressing hate crime. However, little …

A community still in the process of achieving political visibility, trans people have been
relatively neglected in hate crime research in comparison to other commonly targeted …

While almost all EU member states have some form of hate crime law, they differ with regard
to legislative technique and the victim attributes selected for protection. 2 Within the EU, 18 …

This chapter is the second part of a two-part analysis of anti-LGBT hate crime activism in
Poland. It focuses on international advocacy efforts to improve legal protection against anti …

This chapter undertakes a comprehensive analysis of European countries' approaches to
addressing anti-LGBT hate crimes. Moving beyond simplistic analyses focused solely on …

Over the past few years, light has been shed on the limitations to Ireland's legislation on
cyber hate and hate crime more generally. This paper begins by presenting an overview of …