While significant gender differences in spatial abilities consistently emerge, results
concerning gender differences in spatial orientation skills are mixed, ranging from “marked …

Mental representations are the essence of cognition. Yet to understand how the mind works,
one must understand not just the content of mental representations (ie, what information is …

Let's start from scratch in thinking about what memory is for, and consequently, how it works.
Suppose that memory and conceptualization work in the service of perception and action. In …

The metaphor of a" cognitive map" has attracted wide interest since it was first proposed in
the late 1940s. Researchers from fields as diverse as psychology, geography, and urban …

Although cognitive map is a popular metaphor for people's mental representations of
environments, as it is typically conceived, it is often too restrictive. Two other metaphors for …

Depictive expressions of thought predate written language by thousands of years. They
have evolved in communities through a kind of informal user testing that has refined them …

Mapping Cyberspace is a ground-breaking geographic exploration and critical reading of
cyberspace, and information and communication technologies. The book:* provides an …

In four experiments, subjects read route or survey descriptions of naturalistic environments
and then answered verbatim or inference questions from both perspectives and drew maps …

Spatial competence is a central aspect of human adaptation. To understand human
cognitive functioning, we must understand how people code the locations of things, how …

Recent advances in information technology have enabled scientists to generate
unprecedented amounts of earth-related data, with tremendous potential for dealing with …