Low back pain is a leading cause of disability worldwide. Intervertebral disc (IVD)
degeneration is often associated with low back pain but is sometimes asymptomatic. IVD …

AGE/RAGE signaling has been a well‐studied cascade in many different disease states,
particularly diabetes. Due to the complex nature of the receptor and multiple intersecting …

Vascular calcification is highly prevalent and, when present, is associated with major
adverse cardiovascular events. Vascular smooth muscle cells play an integral role in …

This review focuses on the association between vascular calcification and arterial stiffness,
highlighting the important genetic factors, systemic and local microenvironmental signals …

Advanced glycation end products (AGEs), a heterogeneous group of compounds formed by
nonenzymatic glycation reactions between reducing sugars and amino acids, lipids, or DNA …

Oxidative stress represents excessive intracellular levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS),
which plays a major role in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease. Besides having a …

Approximately 20% of the world's population will be around or above 65 years of age by the
next decade. Out of these, 40% are suspected to have cardiovascular diseases as a cause …

Mitochondria are crucial bioenergetics powerhouses and biosynthetic hubs within cells,
which can generate and sequester toxic reactive oxygen species (ROS) in response to …

Non-enzymatic protein glycosylation (glycation) contributes to many diseases and aging of
organisms. It can be expected that inhibition of glycation may prolong the lifespan. The …

Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) are formed when neutrophils expel their DNA, histones
and intracellular proteins into the extracellular space or circulation .NET formation is …