The avian cardiovascular system is highly developed to accommodate the specialized
requirements of various species' abilities to fly, run, and/or swim [1, 2]. The unique anatomy …

The aim of this study was to describe the normal electrocardiographic patterns and values in
conscious golden eagles (Aquila chrysaetos). The standard bipolar and augmented unipolar …

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the sedative‐anaesthetic effects of a combination
of medetomidine (M, 50 μg per pigeon), butorphanol (B, 50 μg per pigeon) and ketamine (K …

The tremendous diversity in form, function, and mode of life existing across avian orders and
between wild and domesticated species, as well as variation that exists within any given …

The aim of this study was to describe normal ECG patterns and values in four species of
conscious raptors (Eurasian kestrel, Griffon vulture, Little owl, and Eurasian Eagle owl) …

Electrocardiographic reference values were established on apparently healthy buzzards
(Buteo buteo) in Lugo (Spain) from March 1997 to June 1999. All birds were anesthetized …

High heart rates are a feature of small endothermic—or warm‐blooded—mammals and
birds. In small mammals, the QT interval is short, and local ventricular recordings reveal …

The applications of medetomidine (M) as a pre-anaesthetic and ketamine (K) as an
anaesthetic agent were investigated in seven domestic pigeons in terms of the degree of …

Sažetak The aim of this study was to examine the effects of vitamin C on ECG and some
blood parameters in chickens stressed by ACTH. Sixty Leghorn chickens were randomly …

Electrocardiograms (ECGs) were recorded during isoflurane anaesthesia from 52 macaws
of four species of the genera Anodorhynchus and Ara in order to establish …