Parkinson's disease is a debilitating disorder characterized by a progressive loss of
dopaminergic neurons caused by programmed cell death. The aim of this review is to …

Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), originally discovered to function in the breakdown of
extracellular matrix proteins, have gained the status of regulatory proteases in signaling …

Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) express programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1)
and contribute to the immune-suppressive tumor microenvironment. Although the role of the …

Amyloid-β proteins (Aβ) of 42 (Aβ42) and 40 aa (Aβ40) accumulate as senile plaques (SP)
and cerebrovascular amyloid protein deposits that are defining diagnostic features of …

Sterile inflammation resulting from cell death is due to the release of cell contents normally
inactive and sequestered within the cell; fragments of cell membranes from dying cells also …

Alkylating DNA damage induces a necrotic type of programmed cell death through the poly
(ADP-ribose) polymerases (PARP) and a poptosis-i nducing f actor (AIF). Following PARP …

Programmed cell death, or apoptosis, is a complex process whereby eukaryotic cells react to
physiologic or pathophysiologic stimuli by undergoing genetically programmed suicide …

Calpain is an intracellular Ca2D-dependent cysteine protease (EC 3.4. 22.17; Clan CA,
family C02) discovered in 1964. It was also called CANP (Ca2D-activated neutral protease) …

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is one of the most prevalent causes of permanent physical and
cognitive disabilities. TBI pathology results from primary insults and a multi‐mechanistic …

Abstract The plasma membrane Ca 2+-ATPase (PMCA) is a ubiquitously expressed, ATP-
driven Ca 2+ pump that is critical for maintaining low resting cytosolic Ca 2+([Ca 2+] i) in all …