The development in the construction sector and population growth requires an increase in
the consumption of construction materials, mainly concrete. Cement is the binder in …

Building materials such as sand, cement, bricks, and steel are usually the main components
of the construction sector. All these materials are produced from existing natural resources …

The continuous depletion of natural resources used in concrete require vital replacement
materials to reduce the consumptions of the natural resources. Moreover, the growth in the …

The increasing cost of landfills, and lack of natural large aggregates observing interests for
using wastes to produce concrete and mortar materials. Utilizing plastic waste and crushed …

The concrete structures deterioration in the last few decades required effective methods for
evaluating and maintaining the structure condition. Currently, assessing the performance …

Waste of materials causes significant environmental issues, due to the absence of ways to
handle such waste. Iron filings are one of these challenges confronting the world. The goal …

The waste generated during production in tea factories is increasing with the growth of the
world population. Storage of tea waste creates problems in terms of location and …

The high pollution caused by CO2 emission and the high level of energy consumed during
cement manufacturing led the researchers to look for alternative techniques to reduce these …

The cement industry is one of the most polluting industries globally, due to the high amount
of CO2 emissions generated during production. Improving the sustainability of cement …

Preserving natural resources and implementing the concepts of sustainable engineering to
approach the zero waste concept helped in reducing the detrimental environmental effects …