Climate change has often led to unequal shifts in the seasonal timing (phenology) of
interacting species, such as consumers and their resource, leading to phenological …

Changes in climate and land use are major threats to pollinating insects, an essential
functional group. Here, we unravel the largely unknown interactive effects of both threats on …

Habitat fragmentation is a primary threat to biodiversity, but how it affects the structure and
stability of ecological networks is poorly understood. Here, we studied plant–pollinator and …

Anthropogenic activities are triggering global changes in the environment, causing entire
communities of plants, pollinators and their interactions to restructure, and ultimately leading …

Mutualistic systems can experience abrupt and irreversible regime shifts caused by local or
global stressors. Despite decades of efforts to understand ecosystem dynamics and …

Growing evidence of global declines in pollinator abundance and diversity has raised
concerns about the resilience of pollination systems. When subjected to stressors, each …

Pollination is a valuable ecosystem service, and plant–pollinator interactions in particular
are known to play a crucial role in conservation and ecosystem functioning. These …

Plant–pollinator mutualisms rely upon the synchrony of interacting taxa. Climate change can
disrupt this synchrony as phenological responses to climate vary within and across species …

The timing of biological events (phenology) is an important aspect of both a species' life
cycle and how it interacts with other species and its environment. Patterns of phenological …

Although the ecological network approach has substantially contributed to the study of plant-
pollinator interactions, current understanding of their functional structure is biased towards …