Bacteria have survived, and many have thrived, since antiquity in the presence of the highly‐
reactive chalcogen—oxygen (O2). They are known to evoke intricate strategies to defend …

Management of stored product insects is a major concern and widely researched topic in the
food and grain processing and storage industry. In the scenario of estimated utilization of …

Ethyl formate (EF), a naturally occurring fumigant, has attracted widespread attention owing
to its low toxicity in mammals. Here, Direct Immersion Solid-Phase Microextraction (DI …

Spotted wing drosophila, Drosophila suzukii (Diptera: Drosophilidae), is a serious invasive
pest of berries and cherries in the US and Europe and has become a major phytosanitary …

Phosphine (PH3) and ethyl formate (EF), the two popular fumigant disinfectants of stored
product insect pests, are primarily evaluated for their knock down effects without considering …

Methyl bromide (MB) use for quarantine and phytosanitary purposes is being phased out.
Several effective MB alternatives have been identified depending on the target system …

Ethyl formate (EF) and propylene oxide (PPO) are promising alternative fumigants for stored
products. Sorption and desorption behaviors of EF and PPO were studied in five …

Citrus mealybug, Planococcus citri (Risso), is a known quarantine pest that is difficult to
control with phosphine (PH3) or low concentrations of ethyl formate (EF), particularly at low …

Abstract In the United States, allyl isothiocyanate (AITC) has been registered as an
insecticide, bactericide, and nematicide. And it has been confirmed that AITC has significant …

Background Nucleotide metabolism is central to all biological systems, due to their essential
role in genetic information and energy transfer, which in turn suggests its possible presence …