Opioids are mu receptor agonists and have been an important part of pain treatment for
thousands of years. In order to use these drugs appropriately and successfully in patients …

Suppression of the immune system has been constantly reported in the last years as a
classical side effect of opioid drugs. Most of the studies on the immunological properties of …

Brain injury resulting from sepsis, or sepsis-associated encephalopathy (SAE), occurs due to
impaired end-organ perfusion, dysregulated inflammation affecting the central nervous …

Epidemiological studies have shown high tuberculosis (TB) prevalence among chronic
opioid users. Opioid receptors are found on multiple immune cells and immunomodulatory …

Introduction Clinical observations have found that prolonged use of analgesics increases
the incidence of infection. However, the direct causal relationship between prescription …

Patients with chronic pain taking long-term opioids and presenting for surgery are more
likely to have a turbulent perioperative course than their opioid-naive counterparts. Their …

For over two decades, dramatic increases in opioid prescriptions in the developed world,
especially for long-term management of chronic noncancer pain, were accompanied by …

Background The incidence of infective endocarditis related to injection drug use is
increasing. On the basis of clinical practice and epidemiological and in-vitro data, we …

Introduction Prior literature suggests that opioid use prior to primary arthroplasty procedures
results in increased risk for complication. Despite this, it is unknown whether preoperative …

Abstract Purpose of Review We provide an overview of recent research into the relationship
between preoperative opioid use and total joint replacement outcomes. Recent Findings …