Free radicals are chemical species (atoms, molecules, or ions) containing one or more
unpaired electrons in their external orbitals and generally display a remarkable reactivity …

Osteoarthritis is the most common joint disorder with increasing prevalence due to aging of
the population. Its multi-factorial etiology includes oxidative stress and the overproduction of …

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative joint disease characterized by progressive erosion of
articular cartilage. As chondrocytes are the only cell type forming the articular cartilage, their …

Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) represent one of the most highly utilized
classes of pharmaceutical agents in medicine. All NSAIDs act through inhibiting …

One hundred years have passed since Felix Hoffman, working at Bayer Industries, reported
the successful synthesis of acetylsalicylic acid as the first nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drug …

A wide array of phenolic substances, particularly those present in edible and medicinal
plants, have been reported to possess substantial anticarcinogenic and antimutagenic …

There has been confusion as to what role (s) nitric oxide (NO) has in different physiological
and pathophysiological mechanisms. Some studies imply that NO has cytotoxic properties …

The bark and/or seed cones of the Magnolia tree have been used in traditional herbal
medicines in Korea, China and Japan. Bioactive ingredients such as magnolol, honokiol, 4 …

Embryonic loss and intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) are significant problems in
humans and other animals. Results from studies involving pigs and sheep have indicated …

Plants have evolved a plethora of sophisticated defense mechanisms to resist their potential
colonization by microbial pathogens and parasites. Preformed physical and chemical …