Immune cells and glia interact with neurons to alter pain sensitivity and to mediate the
transition from acute to chronic pain. In response to injury, resident immune cells are …

Compared to the better-known mu opioid receptor, delta opioid receptors have been
relatively understudied. However, the development of highly selective delta opioid agonists …

Sustained delivery of analgesic agents at target sites remains a critical issue for effective
pain management. The use of nanocarriers has been reported to facilitate effective delivery …

Rosacea is a chronic inflammatory skin disease of unknown etiology. Although described
centuries ago, the pathophysiology of this disease is still poorly understood. Epidemiological …

Exercise-induced analgesia is a phenomenon discussed worldwide. This effect began to be
investigated in the early 1970s in healthy individuals and rodents during and after an acute …

Objective The clinical management of inflammatory pain requires an optimal balance
between effective analgesia and associated safety risks. To date, mechanisms associated …

Morphine is an analgesic widely used to alleviate cancer pain. In addition, the perioperative
management of pain in cancer surgery patients most often includes opioids. However, there …

Mechanisms of endogenous pain control are significant. Increasing studies have clearly
produced evidence for the clinical usefulness of opioids in peripheral analgesia. The …

Delta opioid receptors represent a promising target for the development of novel analgesics.
A number of tools have been developed recently that have significantly improved our …

Background Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is characterized by recurrent nocturnal hypoxia
and sleep disruption. Sleep fragmentation caused hyperalgesia in volunteers, while …