The CNS critically relies on the formation and proper function of its vasculature during
development, adult homeostasis and disease. Angiogenesis—the formation of new blood …

Vascular and lymphatic malformations represent a challenge for clinicians. The identification
of inherited and somatic mutations in important signaling pathways, including the PI3K …

Background Sporadic arteriovenous malformations of the brain, which are morphologically
abnormal connections between arteries and veins in the brain vasculature, are a leading …

The RASopathies are a group of disorders caused by a germline mutation in one of the
genes encoding a component of the RAS/MAPK pathway. These disorders, including …

To elucidate the pathogenesis of vein of Galen malformations (VOGMs), the most common
and most severe of congenital brain arteriovenous malformations, we performed an …

Stroke is an important cause of neurological morbidity in children; most survivors have
permanent neurological deficits that affect the remainder of their life. Stroke in childhood, the …

There are two vascular networks in mammals that coordinately function as the main supply
and drainage systems of the body. The blood vasculature carries oxygen, nutrients …

Arteriovenous malformations are a vascular anomaly typically present at birth, characterized
by an abnormal connection between an artery and a vein (bypassing the capillaries). These …

BACKGROUND. Sporadic vascular malformations (VMs) are complex congenital anomalies
of blood vessels that lead to stroke, life-threatening bleeds, disfigurement, overgrowth …

Sturge-Weber syndrome (SWS) is a rare, noninherited neurovascular disorder characterized
by abnormal vasculature in the brain, skin, and eye. Patients with SWS characteristically …