The heterogeneity of tissue macrophages, in health and in disease, has become
increasingly transparent over the last decade. But with the plethora of data comes a natural …

Macrophages are innate immune cells that form a 3D network in all our tissues, where they
phagocytose dying cells and cell debris, immune complexes, bacteria and other waste …

Mental health profoundly impacts inflammatory responses in the body. This is particularly
apparent in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), in which psychological stress is associated …

There have been many chapters written about macrophage polarization. These chapters
generally focus on the role of macrophages in orchestrating immune responses by …

Bidirectional communication between the peripheral nervous system (PNS) and the immune
system is a crucial part of an effective but balanced mammalian response to invading …

Macrophages are essential for the maintenance of intestinal homeostasis, yet appear to be
drivers of inflammation in the context of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). How these …

Connections between the gut and brain monitor the intestinal tissue and its microbial and
dietary content, regulating both physiological intestinal functions such as nutrient absorption …

One of the most transformative developments in neurogastroenterology is the realization that
many functions normally attributed to enteric neurons involve interactions with enteric glial …

The gastrointestinal tract is densely innervated by a complex network of neurons that
coordinate critical physiological functions. Here, we summarize recent studies investigating …

Background The intestinal microbiota plays an important role in regulating gastrointestinal
(GI) physiology in part through interactions with the enteric nervous system (ENS) …