Evolution selects for traits that are of adaptive value and increase the fitness of an individual
or population. Numerical competence, the ability to estimate and process the number of …

Dolphins live in complex social groupings with a wide variety of social strategies. In this
chapter we investigate the role that differing habitats and ecological conditions have played …

Predation risk, the probability that a prey animal will be killed by a predator, is fundamental
to theoretical and applied ecology. Predation risk varies with animal behavior and …

Trophic cascades—the top-down regulation of ecosystems by predators—are an essential
aspect of ecosystem function and well-being. Trophic cascades are often drastically …

Trade‐offs between predation risk and forage fundamentally drive resource selection by
animals. Among migratory ungulates, trade‐offs can occur at large spatial scales through …

We analysed 38 years of data on 46 lion prides in the Serengeti National Park, Tanzania,
and found that territorial competition directly affected critical components of female fitness …

Animal Vigilance builds on the author's previous publication with Academic Press (Social
Predation: How Group Living Benefits Predators and Prey) by developing several other …

Predation is a fundamental ecological and evolutionary process that varies in space, and the
avoidance of predation risk is of central importance in foraging theory. While there has been …

Many studies have examined grouping as a form of antipredator behaviour, but relatively
few studies have examined how group size responds to natural variation in predation risk …

Predators affect prey demography through direct predation and through the costs of
antipredator behavioral responses, or risk effects. Experiments have shown that risk effects …