Vertebrate hemoglobin (Hb) and myoglobin (Mb) were among the first proteins whose
structures and sequences were determined over 50 years ago. In the subsequent …

In 2000, the third member of the globin family was discovered in human and mouse brain
and named neuroglobin (Ngb). Ngb is a monomeric 3/3 globin structurally similar to …

Several brain disorders associated with neuroinflammation show sex differences in their
incidence, onset, progression and/or outcome. The different regulation of the …

Results from animal experiments showing that estradiol is neuroprotective were challenged
10 years ago by findings indicating an increased risk of dementia and stroke in women over …

Neuroprotective actions of 17β-estradiol (estradiol) are in part mediated by direct actions on
neurons. Astrocytes, which play an essential role in the maintenance of the homeostasis of …

Two different isoforms of the estrogen receptors (ie, ERα and ERβ) mediate pleiotropic 17β-
estradiol (E2)-induced cellular effects. The ERs are principally localized in the nucleus …

Neuroglobin (Ngb), so named after its initial discovery in brain neurones, has received great
attention as a result of its neuroprotective effects both in vitro and in vivo. Recently, we …

High concentrations of palmitic acid in plasma increase both the inflammation associated
with obesity and the susceptibility to develop a neurodegenerative event. In the brain, the …

Organophosphorus chlorpyrifos (CPF) is currently considered an endocrine disruptor (ED),
as it can imitate hormone actions both in vitro and in vivo. We recently reported that CPF …

Over the last decades, a great body of evidence has defined a novel view of the cellular
mechanism of action of the steroid hormone 17β-estradiol (E2) through its estrogen …