The novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) is rapidly expanding and causing many
deaths all over the world with the World Health Organization (WHO) declaring a pandemic in …

Transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) is the most potent pro-fibrogenic cytokine and its
expression is increased in almost all of fibrotic diseases. Although signaling through Smad …

Galectin (Gal)-3 is a profibrotic β-galactoside-binding lectin that plays a key role in the
pathogenesis of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) and IPF exacerbations. TD139 is a novel …

Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) is the main physiological inhibitor of plasminogen
activators (PAs) and is therefore an important inhibitor of the plasminogen/plasmin system …

Coronavirus pneumonia is accompanied by rapid virus replication, where a large number of
inflammatory cell infiltration and cytokine storm may lead to acute lung injury, acute …

Pulmonary fibrosis is a highly heterogeneous and lethal pathological process with limited
therapeutic options. Although research on the pathogenesis of pulmonary fibrosis has …

Inhalation of silica particles is an environmental and occupational cause of silicosis, a type
of pneumoconiosis. Development of the lung silicosis is a unique process in which the …

Fibrosis is defined as a fibroproliferative or abnormal fibroblast activation‐related disease.
Deregulation of wound healing leads to hyperactivation of fibroblasts and excessive …

The concept of the inflammasome, a macromolecular complex sensing cell stress or danger
signals and initiating inflammation, was first introduced approximately a decade ago …

The fibrillization and deposition of the human islet amyloid polypeptide (hIAPP) are the
pathological hallmark of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and these insoluble fibrotic …