Plants respond to herbivory through various morphological, biochemicals, and molecular
mechanisms to counter/offset the effects of herbivore attack. The biochemical mechanisms of …

Plants have evolved a plethora of different chemical defenses covering nearly all classes of
(secondary) metabolites that represent a major barrier to herbivory: Some are constitutive; …

Plants respond to herbivore attack by launching 2 types of defenses: direct defense and
indirect defense. Direct defense includes all plant traits that increase the resistance of host …

Ants are probably the most dominant insect group on Earth, representing ten to fifteen
percent of animal biomass in terrestrial ecosystems. Flowering plants, meanwhile, owe their …

Nectar contains water, sugars and amino acids to attract pollinators and defenders and is
protected from nectar robbers and microorganisms by secondary compounds and …

Plants may “eavesdrop” on volatile organic compounds (VOCs) released by herbivore-
attacked neighbors to activate defenses before being attacked themselves. Transcriptome …

Many plants interact with carnivores as an indirect defence against herbivores. The release
of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and the secretion of extrafloral nectar (EFN) are …

Plants respond to herbivore attack with the release of volatile organic compounds (VOCs),
which can attract predatory arthropods and/or repel herbivores and thus serve as a means of …

Indirect responses are defensive strategies by which plants attract natural enemies of their
herbivores that act as plant defending agents. Such defences can be either constitutively …

Feeding on Non-Prey Resources by Natural Enemies Moshe Coll Reports on the
consumption of non-prey food sources, particularly plant materials, by predators and …