Racism, segregation, and inequality contribute to health outcomes and drive health
disparities across the life course, including for newborn infants and their families. In this …

Preterm birth remains the leading cause of morbidity and mortality among nonanomalous
neonates, and is a major public health problem. Non-Hispanic black women have a 2-fold …

Black women in the United States (US) disproportionately experience adverse pregnancy
outcomes, including maternal mortality, compared to women of other racial and ethnic …

Disparities in adverse birth outcomes for Black women continue. Research suggests that
societal factors such as structural racism explain more variation in adverse birth outcomes …

Rationale Persistent racial disparities in adverse birth outcomes are not fully explained by
individual-level risk factors. Racial residential segregation–degree to which two or more …

Research supports that exposure to stressors (eg, perceived stress and racism) during
pregnancy can negatively impact the immune system, which may lead to infection and …

Background Rates of preterm birth are substantial with significant inequalities.
Understanding the role of risk factors on the pathway from maternal socioeconomic status …

Background Despite advances in antenatal and neonatal care, preterm birth remains a
leading cause of neurological disabilities in children. Infants born prematurely, particularly …

An in-depth look at disparities in health and health care, fully updated for 2021 Vulnerable
Populations in the United States, 3rd Edition provides a general framework for studying …

Background: The exposome is defined as the totality of environmental exposures from
conception onwards. It calls for providing a holistic view of environmental exposures and …