Most molluscs possess shells, constructed from a vast array of microstructures and
architectures. The fully formed shell is composed of calcite or aragonite. These CaCO3 …

The hard tissues of animals, such as skeletons and teeth, are constructed by a biologically
controlled process called biomineralization. In invertebrate animals, biominerals are …

Uncovering the molecular mechanism of shell formation not only reveals the evolution of
molluscs but also lay a foundation for shell-inspired biomaterial synthesis. Shell proteins are …

Biomineralisation is the process by which living organisms produce hard structures such as
shells and bone. There are multiple independent origins of biomineralised skeletons across …

Background Biomineralization by molluscs involves regulated deposition of calcium
carbonate crystals within a protein framework to produce complex biocomposite structures …

Molluscan bivalves secrete shell matrices into the extrapallial space (EPS) to guide the
precipitation of rigid shells. Meanwhile, immune components are present in the EPS and …

One of the modern directions of mussel shells utilisation is associated with the production of
mineral-free biomaterials that can be successfully used in food production, feed additives …

Molluscs constitute the second largest phylum of animals in the world, and shell colour is
one of their most important phenotypic characteristics. In this study, we found among three …

The gastropod shell is a composite composed of minerals and shell matrix proteins (SMPs).
SMPs have been identified by proteomics in many molluscs, but few have been studied in …

Archivesica marissinica is a dominant species inhabiting the Haima cold seep in the South
China Sea. However, the composition, characterization and specific functions of conserved …