Molecular oxygen (O2) is essential for most biological reactions in mammalian cells. When
the intracellular oxygen content decreases, it is called hypoxia. The process of hypoxia is …

Anticancer nanomedicines have been proven effective in mitigating the side effects of
chemotherapeutic drugs. However, challenges remain in augmenting their therapeutic …

Cells metabolize nutrients for biosynthetic and bioenergetic needs to fuel growth and
proliferation. The uptake of nutrients from the environment and their intracellular metabolism …

The molecular features that define clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) initiation and
progression are being increasingly defined. The TRACERx Renal studies and others that …

Attributable to its late diagnosis, early metastasis, and poor prognosis, pancreatic cancer
remains one of the most lethal diseases worldwide. Unlike other solid tumors, pancreatic …

In order to meet the high energy demand, a metabolic reprogramming occurs in cancer cells.
Its role is crucial in promoting tumor survival. Among the substrates in demand, oxygen is …

Under conditions of hypoxia, most eukaryotic cells can shift their primary metabolic strategy
from predominantly mitochondrial respiration towards increased glycolysis to maintain ATP …

Immunotherapy is a promising treatment for triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), but
patients relapse, highlighting the need to understand the mechanisms of resistance. We …

Since the discovery of hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF), numerous studies on the hypoxia
signaling pathway have been performed. The role of HIF stabilization during hypoxia has …

While oxygen is critical to the continued existence of complex organisms, extreme levels of
oxygen within a system, known as hypoxia (low levels of oxygen) and hyperoxia (excessive …