Intellectual Property (IP) includes ideas, innovations, methodologies, works of authorship
(viz., literary and artistic works), emblems, brands, images, etc. This property is intangible …

The advancing of reverse engineering techniques has complicated the efforts in intellectual
property protection. Proactive methods have been developed recently, among which layout …

Integrated circuit (IC) camouflaging is a promising technique to protect the design of a chip
from reverse engineering. However, recent work has shown that even camouflaged ICs can …

Due to the prohibitive costs of semiconductor manufacturing, most system-on-chip design
companies outsource their production to offshore foundries. As most of these devices are …

The threat of hardware reverse engineering is a growing concern for a large number of
applications. A main defense strategy against reverse engineering is hardware obfuscation …

Integrated circuit (IC) camouflaging is a layout-level technique that thwarts reverse
engineering attacks on ICs by introducing camouflaged cells that look alike, but can …

Layout-level gate or routing camouflaging techniques have attracted interest as
countermeasures against reverse engineering of combinational logic. In order to minimize …

The outsourcing business model is dominating the semiconductor industry. Due to this loss
of control over the design flow, several threats have become a major source of concern …

Layout camouflaging can protect the intellectual property of modern circuits. Most prior art,
however, incurs excessive layout overheads and necessitates customization of active …

Chip designers outsource chip fabrication to external foundries, but at the risk of IP theft.
Logic locking, a promising solution to mitigate this threat, adds extra logic gates (key gates) …