Many SARS-CoV-2 variants with naturally acquired mutations have emerged. These
mutations can affect viral properties such as infectivity and immune resistance. Although the …

Human APOBEC3 (apolipoprotein B mRNA-editing catalytic polypeptide-like 3) enzymes
are capable of inhibiting a wide range of endogenous and exogenous viruses using …

Monkeypox, now named mpox, has emerged as a significant public threat, as evidenced by
the 2022 outbreak affecting over seventy countries globally. This infectious disease presents …

During the current SARS-CoV-2 pandemic that is devastating the modern societies
worldwide, many variants that naturally acquire multiple mutations have emerged. Emerging …

The rapid transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)-
driven infection signifies an ultimate challenge to global health, and the development of …

ABSTRACT HIV-1 must overcome multiple innate antiviral mechanisms to replicate in CD4+
T lymphocytes and macrophages. Previous studies have demonstrated that the …

Abstract Background On May 6, 2022, a powerful outbreak of monkeypox virus (MPXV) had
been reported outside of Africa, with many continuing new cases being reported around the …

The evolutionary conflict between retroviruses and their vertebrate hosts over millions of
years has led to the emergence of cellular innate immune proteins termed restriction factors …

The human genome contains 11 APOBEC (apolipoprotein B mRNA editing catalytic
polypeptide‐like) cytidine deaminases classified into four families. These proteins function …

The introduction of combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) has managed to control the
replication of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) in infected patients. However, a …