Tropical cyclones (TCs, also known as hurricanes and typhoons) generally form at low
latitudes with access to the warm waters of the tropical oceans, but far enough off the …

Southern Australia's rainfall is highly variable and influenced by factors across scales from
synoptic weather to large‐scale circulation and remote climate modes of variability …

2 Chapter 2 assesses observed large-scale changes in climate system drivers, key climate
indicators and 3 principal modes of variability. Chapter 3 considers model performance and …

The AR5 concluded that human influence on the climate system is clear, evident from
increasing greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere, positive radiative forcing …

Poleward migrations of tropical cyclones have been observed globally, but their impact on
coastal areas remains unclear. We investigated the change in global tropical cyclone activity …

Three consecutive dry winters (2015–2017) in southwestern South Africa (SSA) resulted in
the Cape Town “Day Zero” drought in early 2018. The contribution of anthropogenic global …

This study evaluates the performance of precipitation simulated in the historical runs of the
Climate Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMPI6) in capturing the complex spatial …

Abstract Since 2015 the greater Cape Town area (∼ 3.7 million people) has been
experiencing the worst drought of the last century. The combined effect of this prolonged dry …

This review addresses the causes of observed climate variations across the industrial
period, from 1750 to present. It focuses on long-term changes, both in response to external …

During the Mid-Miocene Climatic Optimum [MMCO,~ 14 to 17 million years (Ma) ago], global
temperatures were similar to predicted temperatures for the coming century. Limited …