▪ Abstract The process of sporulation in the bacterium Bacillus subtilis proceeds through a
well-defined series of morphological stages that involve the conversion of a growing cell into …

The soil bacterium Bacillus subtilis uses two different developmental pathways to induce
sporulation and the development of genetic competence. Although they use the same …

Enzymatic cascade reactions experience tremendous attention by cutting short conventional
step-by-step synthesis in a highly efficient and elegant fashion. Focusing on ω …

Sequence analysis of 236 promoters recognized by the Bacillus subtilis σARNA polymerase
reveals an extended promoter structure. The most highly conserved bases include the− 35 …

The stringent response in Bacillus subtilis was characterized by using proteome and
transcriptome approaches. Comparison of protein synthesis patterns of wild-type and relA …

Abstract Four (R)‐ω‐transaminases originating from Hyphomonas neptunium (HN‐ωTA),
Aspergillus terreus (AT‐ωTA) and Arthrobacter sp.(ArR‐ωTA), as well as an evolved …

The ability of Listeria monocytogenes to tolerate salt stress is of particular importance, as this
pathogen is often exposed to such environments during both food processing and food …

To mitigate the climate change caused by CO 2 emission, the global incentive to the low-
carbon alternatives as replacement of fossil fuel-derived products continuously expands the …

This chapter discusses RNA polymerase sigma factors such as σF, σE, σG, and σK, their
regulation, their activities, and the interrelationship between the sigma factors and …

Among the archaea, Methanococcus maripaludis has the unusual ability to use l-or d-
alanine as a nitrogen source. To understand how this occurs, we tested the roles of three …