Summary The sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) signalling pathways have important and
diverse functions. S1P receptors (S1PRs) have been proposed as a therapeutic target for …

Progress in understanding the genetic etiology of autism spectrum disorders (ASD) has
fueled remarkable advances in our understanding of its potential neurobiological …

The X-linked gene encoding MECP2 is involved in two severe and complex
neurodevelopmental disorders. Loss of function of the MeCP2 protein underlies Rett …

Increasing evidence suggests that synaptic dysfunction is a key pathophysiological hallmark
in neurodegenerative disorders, including Alzheimer's disease. Understanding the role of …

Sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) is a membrane-derived lysophospholipid that acts primarily
as an extracellular signaling molecule. Signals initiated by S1P are transduced by five G …

Increasing evidence indicates that physical activity and exercise training may delay or
prevent the onset of Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, systemic biomarkers that can …

Neurotrophic factors, particularly brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and other
members of the neurotrophin family, are central mediators of the activity-dependent plasticity …

Background—Inflammatory and immune responses triggered by brain ischemia worsen
clinical outcomes of stroke and contribute to hemorrhagic transformation, massive edema …

The immunomodulatory drug fingolimod (FTY720, Gilenya R) was approved for oral
treatment of relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis, due to its impressive efficacy and good …

Fingolimod is the first oral disease-modifying therapy approved for relapsing forms of
multiple sclerosis (MS). Following phosphorylation in vivo, the active agent, fingolimod …