The Cardiovascular Disease in Women Committee of the American College of Cardiology,
in conjunction with interested parties (from the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute …

In recent years, it has become apparent that coronary microvascular dysfunction plays a
pivotal pathogenic role in angina pectoris. Functional and structural mechanisms can affect …

Surveys and registries are needed to verify that real-life daily practice is in keeping with what
is recommended in the guidelines, thus completing the loop between clinical research …

Many patients undergoing coronary angiography because of chest pain syndromes,
believed to be indicative of obstructive atherosclerosis of the epicardial coronary arteries …

Contemporary data indicate that patients with signs and symptoms of ischaemia and non-
obstructive coronary artery disease (INOCA) often have coronary microvascular dysfunction …

Globally, cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the number one killer of women; one third of
female deaths are due to ischemic heart disease and stroke (WHO, 2013). Historically …

Recognition of ischemic heart disease (IHD) is often delayed or deferred in women. Thus,
many at risk for adverse outcomes are not provided specific diagnostic, preventive, and/or …

Evolving knowledge regarding sex differences in coronary heart disease is emerging. Given
the lower burden of obstructive coronary artery disease (CAD) and preserved systolic …

Myocardial ischemia is usually caused by abnormalities of epicardial coronary arteries. In
the past 30 years, however, several studies have shown that abnormalities in coronary …

An increasing number of stable patients with evidence of ischemia but no obstructive
coronary artery disease (CAD) at coronary angiography, now termed INOCA, are seen …