Abstract Purpose This Position Paper aims to review and discuss the available data on
therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) of antibacterials, antifungals and antivirals in critically ill …

Hypoalbuminemia is associated with the acquisition and severity of infectious diseases, and
intact innate and adaptive immune responses depend on albumin. Albumin oxidation and …

Injudicious or inappropriate use of antibiotics has led to the prevalence of drug-resistant
bacteria, posing a huge menace to global health. Here, a self-assembled aggregation …

Background Beta-lactam antibiotics (βLA) are the most commonly used antibiotics in the
intensive care unit (ICU). ICU patients present many pathophysiological features that cause …

As warned by Sir Alexander Fleming in his Nobel Prize address:“the use of antimicrobials
can, and will, lead to resistance”. Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) has recently increased due …

Effective drug therapy to optimally influence disease requires an understanding of a drug's
pharmacokinetic, pharmacodynamic, and pharmacogenomic interrelationships. In …

Background. Morbidity and mortality for critically ill patients with infections remains a global
healthcare problem. We aimed to determine whether β-lactam antibiotic dosing in critically ill …

Early management of sepsis and septic shock is crucial for patients' prognosis. As the
Emergency Department (ED) is the place where the first medical contact for septic patients is …

Critically ill patients are at high risk for development of life-threatening infection leading to
sepsis and multiple organ failure. Adequate antimicrobial therapy is pivotal for optimizing the …

Diagnostic and therapeutic advances during the past decades have substantially improved
health outcomes for patients with acute coronary syndrome. Both age-related physiological …