Men and women exhibit differences in the development and progression of Alzheimer's
disease (AD). The factors underlying the sex differences in AD are not well understood. This …

Neuroinflammation is a physiological protective response in the context of infection and
injury. However, neuroinflammation, especially if chronic, may also drive …

Neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) are a wide class of disorders of the central nervous
system (CNS) with unknown etiology. Several factors were hypothesized to be involved in …

Progesterone is commonly considered as a female reproductive hormone and is well-known
for its role in pregnancy. It is less well appreciated that progesterone and its metabolite …

GABAA (γ-aminobutyric acid type A) receptors mediate most of the'fast'synaptic inhibition in
the mammalian brain and are targeted by many clinically important drugs. Certain naturally …

Estradiol is the most potent and ubiquitous member of a class of steroid hormones called
estrogens. Fetuses and newborns are exposed to estradiol derived from their mother, their …

Emerging data indicate that progesterone has multiple non-reproductive functions in the
central nervous system to regulate cognition, mood, inflammation, mitochondrial function …

Objective To review the clinical entity of primary burning mouth syndrome (BMS), its
pathophysiological mechanisms, accurate new diagnostic methods and evidence-based …

Abnormal tau protein impairs mitochondrial function, including transport, dynamics, and
bioenergetics. Mitochondria interact with the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) via mitochondria …

Androgens in women, as well as in men, are intrinsic to maintenance of (i) reproductive
competency,(ii) cardiac health,(iii) appropriate bone remodeling and mass retention,(iii) …