Morphine is the most potent analgesic for chronic pain, but its clinical use has been limited
by the opiate's innate tendency to produce tolerance, severe withdrawal symptoms and …

Drug abuse changes neurophysiological functions at multiple cellular and molecular levels
in the addicted brain. Well-supported scientific evidence suggests that drugs negatively …

Emerging evidence suggests that the largest phytochemical component of cannabis,
cannabidiol (CBD), may possess pharmacotherapeutic properties in the treatment of …

This paper is the thirty-ninth consecutive installment of the annual review of research
concerning the endogenous opioid system. It summarizes papers published during 2016 …

Considerable evidence demonstrates strong comorbidity between nicotine dependence and
mood and anxiety disorders. Nevertheless, the neurobiological mechanisms linking …

Nicotine is the predominant addictive compound of tobacco and causes the acquisition of
dependence through its interactions with nicotinic acetylcholine receptors and various …

A robust body of research has shown that traumatic experiences occurring during critical
developmental periods of childhood when neuronal plasticity is high increase risks for a …

Semaglutide, a glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonist, has gained considerable
attention as a therapeutic agent for type 2 diabetes mellitus and obesity. Despite its clinical …

The persistence of associative memories linked to the rewarding properties of drugs of
abuse is a core underlying feature of the addiction process. Opiate class drugs in particular …

Opioid use and abuse has reached epidemic levels in the United States. As these drugs are
frequently used by women of reproductive age, there has been a significant increase in the …