Pressure has long been recognized as a fundamental thermodynamic variable but its
application was previously limited by the available pressure vessels and probes. The …

Materials at high pressures and temperatures are of great interest for planetary science and
astrophysics, warm dense-matter physics and inertial confinement fusion research …

Two or more liquid states may exist even for single-component substances, which is known
as liquid polymorphism, and the transition between them is called liquid–liquid transition …

Extreme conditions inside ice giants such as Uranus and Neptune can result in peculiar
chemistry and structural transitions, eg, the precipitation of diamonds or superionic water, as …

In the phase diagram of water, superionic ices with highly mobile protons within the stable
oxygen sublattice have been predicted at high pressures. However, the existence of …

Hydrogen, the simplest and most abundant element in the Universe, develops a remarkably
complex behaviour upon compression. Since Wigner predicted the dissociation and …

Dense fluid metallic hydrogen occupies the interiors of Jupiter, Saturn, and many extrasolar
planets, where pressures reach millions of atmospheres. Planetary structure models must …

Sub-Neptune exoplanets are commonly hypothesized to consist of a silicate-rich magma
ocean topped by a hydrogen-rich atmosphere. Previous work studying the outgassing of …

Understanding planetary interiors is directly linked to our ability of simulating exotic quantum
mechanical systems such as hydrogen (H) and hydrogen-helium (H-He) mixtures at high …

Substantial silicate vapour is expected to be in chemical equilibrium at temperature
conditions typical of the silicate–atmosphere interface of sub-Neptune planets, which can …