Tumor organoids have been proposed as a model system for precision medicine. The ability
of tumor organoids to retain characteristics of the original tumor makes them unique for …

Spheroids and organoids are important novel players in medical and life science research.
They are gradually replacing two-dimensional (2D) cell cultures. Indeed, three-dimensional …

Cancer immunotherapy is the great breakthrough in cancer treatment as it displayed
prolonged progression-free survival over conventional therapies, yet, to date, in only a …

Since the clinical approval of imatinib, the discovery of protein kinase downregulators
entered a prosperous age. However, challenges still exist in the discovery of kinase …

Establishing a valid in vitro model to represent tumor heterogeneity and biology is critical but
challenging. Tumor organoids are self‐assembled three‐dimensional cell clusters which are …

Cancer metastasis causes most cancer-related deaths, and modeling cancer invasion holds
potential in drug discovery and companion diagnostics. Although 2D cocultures have been …

Background Complexity and heterogeneity of the tumor niche are closely associated with
the failure of therapeutic protocols. Unfortunately, most data have been obtained from …

Simple Summary An increasing number of cancer patients are treated with proton therapy.
Nevertheless, there are still open questions that require preclinical studies, for example …

In the last decades, extensive research has been carried out on the understanding and
treatment of pancreatic cancer. Despite the significant advances in medicine and …

Patient derived organoids closely resemble the biology of tissues and tumors. They are
enabling ex vivo modeling of human diseases and dissecting key features of tumor biology …