Somatostatin, also known as somatotropin-release inhibitory factor, is a cyclopeptide that
exerts potent inhibitory actions on hormone secretion and neuronal excitability. Its …

G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are conventionally considered to function at the
plasma membrane, where they detect extracellular ligands and activate heterotrimeric G …

The glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor (GLP-1R) is a class BG protein-coupled receptor
(GPCR) which mediates the effects of GLP-1, an incretin hormone secreted primarily from L …

Opioids, such as morphine and fentanyl, are widely used for the treatment of severe pain;
however, prolonged treatment with these drugs leads to the development of tolerance and …

G protein‐coupled receptors (GPCRs) are the largest family of transmembrane receptors
and primarily signal through two main effector proteins: G proteins and β‐arrestins. Many …

Biased agonism is having a major impact on modern drug discovery, and describes the
ability of distinct G protein–coupled receptor (GPCR) ligands to activate different cell …

The glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1R) is an important regulator of blood glucose
homeostasis. Ligand-specific differences in membrane trafficking of the GLP-1R influence its …

The incidence of neuroendocrine tumours (NETs) is increasing, but curative therapeutic
options are limited because diagnosis is often delayed until the tumour has metastasized …

For many decades, our understanding of G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) activity and
cyclic AMP (cAMP) signaling was limited exclusively to the plasma membrane. However, a …

G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) play crucial roles in the ability of target organs to
respond to hormonal cues. GPCRs' activation mechanisms have long been considered as a …