Abstract Intelligent Tutoring Systems (ITSs) have a great potential to effectively transform
teaching and learning. As more efforts have been put on designing and developing ITSs and …

Help seeking is an important process in self-regulated learning (SRL). It may influence
learning with intelligent tutoring systems (ITSs), because many ITSs provide help, often at …

This paper provides interested beginners with an updated and detailed introduction to the
field of Intelligent Tutoring Systems (ITS). ITSs are computer programs that use artificial …

Scholars have claimed that artificial intelligence can be used in education to transform
learning. However, there is insufficient evidence on whether intelligent tutoring systems …

Despite decades of effort to broaden participation in science, technology, engineering, and
mathematics (STEM), many fields remain demographically skewed. Marginalized and …

Within intelligent tutoring systems, considerable research has investigated hints, including
how to generate data-driven hints, what hint content to present, and when to provide hints for …

In 2 experiments we examined the role of (a) specificity,(b) the type of targeted learning
activities, and (c) learners' prior knowledge for the effects of relevance instructions on …

Learners frequently access multiple, illustrated texts on a single topic, but this kind of multi-
text, multi-modal comprehension has been rarely studied. Undergraduates were presented …

This study examined the effects of low-achieving children's use of helping tools in a
synchronous mathematics peer-tutoring system on the children's mathematics learning and …

Many studies have shown that visual representations can enhance student understanding of
STEM concepts. However, prior research suggests that visual representations alone are not …