The mammalian visual system encodes information over a remarkable breadth of
spatiotemporal scales and light intensities. This performance originates with its complement …

The retina is part of the central nervous system, and shares the characteristically high
metabolism of the brain. The high energy demand of the retina is normally matched with a …

High-definition vision in humans and nonhuman primates is initiated by cone photoreceptors
located within a specialized region of the retina called the fovea. Foveal cone death is the …

With the development of information processing, various neuromorphic synaptic devices
have been proposed, including novel devices mimicking multiple sensory systems in the …

Human color vision is achieved by mixing neural signals from cone photoreceptors sensitive
to different wavelengths of light. The spatial arrangement and proportion of these spectral …

Humans rely on visual cues to navigate the world around them. Vision begins with the
detection of light by photoreceptor cells in the retina, a light-sensitive tissue located at the …

Vertebrates rely on rod photoreceptors for vision in low-light conditions. The specialized
downstream circuit for rod signalling, called the primary rod pathway, is well characterized in …

Light regulates physiology, mood, and behavior through signals sent to the brain by
intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells (ipRGCs). How primate ipRGCs sense light …

In the vertebrate retina, rods and cones both detect light, but they differ in functional aspects
such as light sensitivity and temporal resolution, and in some cell biological aspects. For …

How are sights and sounds and smells converted into electrical signals in a form that can be
interpreted by the nervous system? Although this process, called sensory transduction …