BACKGROUND The idea that memory is stored as enduring changes in the brain dates
back at least to the time of Plato and Aristotle (circa 350 BCE), but its scientific articulation …

Stroke induces a plastic state in the brain. This period of enhanced plasticity leads to the
sprouting of new axons, the formation of new synapses and the remapping of sensory-motor …

Neuronal ensembles that hold specific memory (memory engrams) have been identified in
the hippocampus, amygdala, or cortex. However, it has been hypothesized that engrams of …

The amygdala is a brain region primarily associated with emotional response. The use of
genetic markers and single-cell transcriptomics can provide insights into behavior …

The Government of Japan's “Society 5.0” initiative aims to create a cyber-physical society in
which (among other things) citizens' daily lives will be enhanced through increasingly close …

What happens to memories as days, weeks and years go by has long been a fundamental
question in neuroscience and psychology. For decades, researchers have attempted to …

Recent studies suggest that a shared neural ensemble may link distinct memories encoded
close in time,,,,,,,,,,,. According to the memory allocation hypothesis,, learning triggers a …

Decades of research has identified the brain areas that are involved in fear, fear extinction,
anxiety and related defensive behaviours. Newly developed genetic and viral tools …

The amygdala has long been associated with emotion and motivation, playing an essential
part in processing both fearful and rewarding environmental stimuli. How can a single …

Many attempts have been made to localize the physical trace of a memory, or engram, in the
brain. However, until recently, engrams have remained largely elusive. In this Review, we …