The Earth as a planetary system has experienced significant change since its formation c.
4.54 Gyr ago. Some of these changes have been gradual, such as secular cooling of the …

Charnockitic rocks form extensive orthogneiss plutons in many granulite terranes and are
less commonly found in unmetamorphosed plutons, which have formed in various tectonic …

Reduced rapakivi-type granites are the most iron enriched and reduced (ie, least oxidized)
of the “anorogenic” granite association. The low oxygen fugacity and chemical composition …

This study assesses temperatures of formation of common granulites by combining
experimental constraints on the P–T stability of granulite-facies mineral associations with a …

There are three geothermometers based on reversed experimental data and applicable to
granulites: the two-pyroxene, two-oxide, and garnet-clinopyroxene thermometers. All have …

Mantle-derived helium has a substantial primordial component and is readily distinguished
from radiogenic “crustal” He by its isotopic composition. For some years it has been known …

Differences in composition and pressures of equilibration between exposed, regional
granulite terranes and suites of granulite xenoliths of crustal origin indicate that granulite …

THE origin of zones of high electrical conductivity in the lower continental crust is a long-
standing mystery; possible explanations include the presence of brines1, 2, partial melt3 …

Melting and crystallization experiments (T= 1000° C; P= 0.5, 0.7, 1.0, 1.2, and 1.5 GPa) were
performed on two hybrid bulk compositions consisting of 50% anhydrous high‐Al olivine …

All Earth Science students need to understand the origins, environments, and basic
processes that produce igneous and metamorphic rocks. This concise introductory textbook …