The present review draws together wide-ranging studies performed over the last decades
that catalogue the effects of artificial-light-at-night (ALAN) upon living species and their …

Artificial light at night (ALAN) is increasing exponentially worldwide, accelerated by the
transition to new efficient lighting technologies. However, ALAN and resulting light pollution …

We live on a planet that is bathed in daily and seasonal sunlight cycles. In this context,
terrestrial life forms have evolved mechanisms that directly harness light energy (plants) or …

The first member and eponym of the rhodopsin family was identified in the 1930s as the
visual pigment of the rod photoreceptor cell in the animal retina. It was found to be a …

During incubation, the content of the egg is converted into a chick. This process is controlled
by incubation conditions, which must meet the requirements of the chick embryo to obtain …

Background Chronic exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation (mainly UVA) induces a
sustained increase of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), especially MMP1, MMP2, MMP3 …

Animals have evolved with natural patterns of light and darkness, such that light serves as
an important zeitgeber, allowing adaptive synchronization of behavior and physiology to …

Artificial light at night (ALAN) is a pervasive anthropogenic pollutant, emanating from urban
and suburban developments and reaching nearly all ecosystems from dense forests to …

Most animals in the temperate zone exhibit robust seasonal rhythms in neuroendocrine,
physiological and behavioral processes. The integration of predictive and supplementary …

For nearly a century, we have known that brain photoreceptors regulate avian seasonal
biology. Two photopigments, vertebrate ancient opsin (VA) and neuropsin (OPN5), provide …