The Earth is home to environments characterized by low pH, including the gastrointestinal
tract of vertebrates and large areas of acidic soil. Most bacteria are neutralophiles, but can …

The mucosal surface is the largest route through which pathogens enter the human body. To
control the outbreak of mucosal infectious diseases, we must use our knowledge of the …

Abstract Background and Purpose Opioids are the standard drug for pain management;
however, their effects on gastric dysfunction are relatively understudied. Opioid users have a …

Background Recent epidemiological studies suggested correlation between gastric cancer
(GC) and periodontal disease. Aims We aim to clarify involvement of lipopolysaccharide of …

Escherichia coli has a remarkable ability to survive low pH and possesses a number of
different genetic systems that enable it to do this. These may be expressed constitutively …

Vaccines afford a better and more cost-effective approach to combatting infectious diseases
than continued reliance on antibiotics or antiviral or antiparasite drugs in the current era of …

The oral cavity is the beginning of the aero-digestive tract, which is covered by mucosal
epithelium continuously under the threat of invasion of pathogens, it is thus protected by the …

Salmonella spp. are important human pathogens globally causing millions of cases of
typhoid fever and non‐typhoidal salmonellosis annually. There are only a few vaccines …

Opioids are the gold standard for chronic and acute pain management; however, their
consequence on gastric function is relatively understudied. Opioid users have a higher …

Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs cause gastric ulcers and gastritis. No drug that treats
GI injury directly stimulates mucosal healing. ZINC40099027 (ZN27) activates focal …