Political opposition has long been one of the most dramatically understudied elements of
real-world politics in contemporary democratic and authoritarian regimes. The past decade …

Tanzania's ruling party has long employed authoritarian methods to stay in power, but the
2020 election was a turning point. The party apparently manipulated the results at scale …

This article is about how ideologies legitimize authoritarianism. The literature argues that
liberation nationalists discursively construct “liberation” as an ongoing struggle and justify …

I consider how to characterize and classify election campaigns in sub-Saharan Africa. I
revisit the typology proposed by Pippa Norris, which distinguishes between premodern …

ABSTRACT 'The elite'in ideational and discursive conceptions of populism has gone ill-
defined. This makes conceptions of populism elastic. This article asserts that a discourse …

A large body of literature exists around the study of elections. What often goes unnoticed,
however, is that elections take place between and within parties. While the former has …

The conventional view of Africa's political parties holds that they are organizationally weak,
with little presence at the grass roots. Yet, few studies are based on systematically collected …

I ask where African opposition parties organize. Party-building is communicative; it involves
persuading people to become activists. The literature suggests that opposition parties …

The impact of political context on a political party's organizing and mobilizing strategies has
been noted in the literature. Opposition political parties operating in autocratic contexts look …

In recent decades, musicians have figured prominently on Africa's political stage. Popular
Ugandan musician Bobi Wine moved beyond protest singer and ventured into politics by …