The epiphyseal growth plate develops from the cartilaginous-orientated mesenchymal cells
that express SOX family genes. This multilayer structure is formed by the proliferation and …

Longitudinal growth of the skeleton is a result of endochondral ossification that occurs at the
growth plate. Through a sequential process of cell proliferation, extracellular matrix …

In order for paired human limbs to reach the same adult length and proportions, the
longitudinal growth of the skeleton must be tightly regulated. The regulation of longitudinal …

The TGF-βs are multifunctional proteins whose activities are believed to be controlled by
interaction with the latent TGF-β binding proteins (LTBPs). In spite of substantial effort, the …

Normal endochondral bone development requires the coordination of chondrocyte
proliferation and differentiation. Indian hedgehog (Ihh) is a morphogen produced by …

The principle function of articular cartilage is to provide a low friction load-bearing surface
that facilitates free movement of joints. Maintenance of this surface depends on the …

Chondrocyte differentiation is a fundamental process during endochondral ossification.
Several factors regulate maturation via the activity of downstream signaling pathways that …

Objective We previously identified 3′-phosphoadenosine 5′-phosphosulfate synthase 2
(PAPSS2) as a transcriptional target of transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) in chondrocytes …

The latent transforming growth factor (TGF)-β binding proteins (LTBP)-1,-3 and-4 bind the
latent form of the multipotent cytokine TGF-β. To examine the function of the LTBPs, we …

[Frontiers in Bioscience 11, 1702-1715, May 1, 2006] 1702 Matrix metalloproteinases: role in
skeletal development and growth pla Page 1 [Frontiers in Bioscience 11, 1702-1715, May 1 …