Body sodium (Na) levels must be maintained within a narrow range for the correct
functioning of the organism (Na homeostasis). Na disorders include not only elevated levels …

Physiological regulation of sodium and water intake and output is required for the
maintenance of homeostasis. The behavioral and neuroendocrine mechanisms that govern …

Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic (PBPK) Modeling and Simulations The first book
dedicated to the emerging field of physiologically based pharmacokinetic modeling (PBPK) …

Embryo-environment interactions affecting cardio-respiratory development in vertebrates
have been extensively studied, but an equally extensive conceptual framework for …

Hypernatremia is a potentially serious condition in both term and preterm babies, which can
lead to severe and permanent neurological damage. There are many physiological changes …

Context The impact of food and drinks on body fluid metabolism is of direct clinical relevance
but current evidence remains fragmented. Aim Synthesise current evidence on the role of …

Background: Electrolyte abnormalities are common in critically ill children. In view of
importance of electrolyte homeostasis and its significant impact on the final outcome of …

Excessive water and electrolyte loss through the gastrointestinal (GI) tract during diarrhea is
the most common cause of dehydration, which in acute cases can lead to death. Causes of …

Sodium, an element needed for the normal human physiology is known to be associated
with high blood pressure and other consequences if consumed in excess. The assessment …

Objectives Imbalance of fluid and electrolyte homeostasis has been suggested to be
associated with the neuropathological processes underlying bipolar disorder. However …