For patients with metastatic non–small-cell lung cancer (mNSCLC), the last decade has
been characterized by critical progress that has contributed to substantially improved …

Immune-checkpoint inhibitors targeting PD-1 or PD-L1 have already substantially improved
the outcomes of patients with many types of cancer, although only 20–40% of patients derive …

Importance Although tumor mutation burden (TMB) has been explored as a potential
biomarker of immunotherapy efficacy in solid tumors, there still is a lack of consensus about …

Molecular testing has become a mandatory component of the non-small cell lung cancer
(NSCLC) management. The detection of EGFR, BRAF and MET mutations as well as the …

Introduction STK11 and KEAP1 mutations (STK11 mutant [STK11 MUT] and KEAP1 MUT)
are among the most often mutated genes in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD). Although STK11 …

The binding of T cell immune checkpoint proteins programmed death 1 (PD-1) and cytotoxic
T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 (CTLA-4) to their ligands allows immune evasion by …

The last 25 years have seen significant growth in new therapeutic options for breast cancer,
termed targeted therapies based on their ability to block specific pathways known to drive …

Immunotherapy including immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) has become the backbone of
treatment for most lung cancers with advanced or metastatic disease. In addition, they have …

Immunotherapy has revolutionized colon cancer treatment. Immune checkpoint inhibitors
(ICIs) have shown clinical benefits for colon cancer patients, especially those with high …

Lung cancer (LC), the leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide, is a complex and
highly heterogeneous disease. Additional to its biological complexity, LC patients are often …