Specific ion effects (SIE), encompassing the Hofmeister Series, have been known for more
than 130 years since Hofmeister and Lewith's foundational work. SIEs are ubiquitous and …

Plasma–liquid interactions represent a growing interdisciplinary area of research involving
plasma science, fluid dynamics, heat and mass transfer, photolysis, multiphase chemistry …

The distribution of ions at the air/water interface plays a decisive role in many natural
processes. Several studies have reported that larger ions tend to be surface-active, implying …

1. BACKGROUND 1.1. Why Condensed Matter Matters: Types and Significance of
Condensed Matter and Surfaces Encountered in the Atmospheric Environment The …

The molecular structure of the electrical double layer determines the chemistry in all
electrochemical processes. Using x-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS), we probed the …

The uncontrolled zinc electrodeposition and side reactions severely limit the power density
and lifespan of Zn metal batteries. Herein, the multi‐level interface adjustment effect is …

The Hofmeister series, first noted in 1888, ranks the relative influence of ions on the physical
behavior of a wide variety of aqueous processes ranging from colloidal assembly to protein …

Heterogeneous chemical reactions at vapor/solid interfaces play an important role in many
processes in the environment and technology. Ambient pressure X-ray photoelectron …

The band structure of matter determines its properties. In solids, it is typically mapped with
angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy, in which the momentum and the energy of …

The ability to obtain a molecular-level understanding of the chemistry that takes place at
liquid/solid interfaces is key to the development and improvement of many chemical and …