Background: One of the goals of altitude training is to increase blood oxygen-carrying
capacity in order to improve sea-level endurance performance in athletes. The elevated …

Iron is an important mineral in the body, essential for muscle function and oxygen transport.
Adequate levels of iron in the blood are necessary for athletes, as iron-deficiency anemia …

Adequate vitamin and mineral status is essential for optimal human health and performance.
Female athletes could be at risk for vitamin and mineral insufficiency due to inadequate …

Background: Prevalence of iron deficiency is commonly reported among athletic population
groups. It impairs physical performance due to insufficient oxygen delivery to target organs …

Purpose To examine the effects of 24-h controlled carbohydrate intake on next day pre-and
post-exercise inflammatory and hepcidin responses. Methods In a crossover design, 12 well …

Background Hepcidin, the master iron regulatory hormone, has been shown to peak 3–6 h
postexercise, and is likely a major contributor to the prevalence of iron deficiency in athletes …

This pre-eminent work has developed over six editions in response to man's attempts to
climb higher and higher unaided, and to spend more time at altitude for both work and …

Iron deficiency is a frequent and multifactorial disorder in the career of athletes, particularly
in females. Exercise-induced disturbances in iron homeostasis produce deleterious effects …

Purpose: To determine if a single versus a split equivalent daily dose of elemental iron was
superior for hemoglobin mass (Hbmass) gains at altitude while minimizing gastrointestinal …

The hematological module of the Athlete's Biological Passport (ABP) identifies doping
methods and/or substances used to increase the blood's capacity to transport or deliver …