The epidemiology of bacterial meningitis has changed as a result of the widespread use of
conjugate vaccines and preventive antimicrobial treatment of pregnant women. Given the …

Streptococcus pneumoniae is an important global pathogen that causes a wide range of
clinical disease in children and adults. Pneumococcal pneumonia is by far the common …

Background Routine infant immunisation with seven-valent pneumococcal conjugate
vaccine (PCV7) began in the USA in 2000. Although invasive pneumococcal disease has …

Background: Streptococcus pneumoniae is a leading and serious coinfection in adults with
human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, particularly in Africa. Prevention of this …

Background Incidence, manifestations and case-fatality rate (CFR) of invasive
pneumococcal disease (IPD) vary with age and comorbidities. New vaccines, changing age …

Streptococcus pneumoniae is the most common cause of community-acquired pneumonia,
meningitis, and bacteremia in children and adults. Invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) …

Recurrent bacterial meningitis is a rare phenomenon and generally poses a considerable
diagnostic challenge to the clinician. Ultimately, a structured approach and early diagnosis …

There are concerns that pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCVs) in sub-Saharan Africa
sub-optimally interrupt Streptococcus pneumoniae vaccine-serotype (VT) carriage and …

Background. Although hospitalizations due to invasive pneumococcal disease decreased
after routine vaccination of young children with a 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine …

These guidelines provide updated, GRADE-based recommendations on the use of vaccines
in HIVpositive adults. Several factors have made the updating of HIV-specific vaccination …