We live amid a global wave of anthropogenically driven biodiversity loss: species and
population extirpations and, critically, declines in local species abundance. Particularly …

For hundreds of millions of years, large vertebrates (megafauna) have inhabited most of the
ecosystems on our planet. During the late Quaternary, notably during the Late P leistocene …

The ongoing sixth mass species extinction is the result of the destruction of component
populations leading to eventual extirpation of entire species. Populations and species …

Mutualisms, interactions between two species that benefit both of them, have long captured
the public imagination. Their influence transcends levels of biological organization from cells …

The diverse functional roles of over 6,000 species of extant mammals that range in body size
across eight orders of magnitude, from blue whales (Balaenoptera musculus) to tiny …

Humans have brought about unprecedented changes to environments worldwide. For many
species, behavioral adjustments represent the first response to altered conditions. In this …

Trophic cascades—the top-down regulation of ecosystems by predators—are an essential
aspect of ecosystem function and well-being. Trophic cascades are often drastically …

Mutualisms between species play an important role in ecosystem function and stability.
However, in some environments, the competitive aspects of an interaction may dominate the …

While the importance of mutualisms across the tree of life is recognized, it is not understood
why some organisms evolve high levels of dependence on mutualistic partnerships, while …

Biodiversity is organised into complex ecological networks of interacting species in local
ecosystems, but our knowledge about the effects of habitat fragmentation on such systems …