Despite advances in toxicity testing and the development of new approach methodologies
(NAMs) for hazard assessment, the ecological risk assessment (ERA) framework for …

Problem formulation (PF) is a critical initial step in planning risk assessments for chemical
exposures to wildlife, used either explicitly or implicitly in various jurisdictions to include …

Given the demonstrated importance of caterpillars in the breeding‐season diet of many
neotropical–nearctic migratory forest songbirds, a large‐scale manipulative experiment was …

Free-ranging wildlife is regularly exposed to pesticides and can serve as a sentinel for
human and environmental health. Therefore a comprehensive pesticide hazard assessment …

Impacts of Bacillus thuringiensis var. kurstaki (Btk) and defoliation by gypsy moth [Lymantria
dispar (L.)] on native, non-target arthropods were evaluated in eastern West Virginia from …

Streams and their surrounding riparian habitats are linked by reciprocal exchanges of insect
prey essential to both aquatic and terrestrial consumers. Aquatic insects comprise a large …

Benzoylurea pesticides (BPUs) are widely used to control the locust, but the toxicokinetics
and hepatotoxicity of BPUs in lizards have not been investigated. In this study, the tissue …

1. This study was designed to test the hypothesis that food reductions caused by forest
spraying with Lepidoptera-specific insecticides would affect Tennessee warbler behaviour …

Populations of forest birds were studied during two years of an outbreak of the elm
spanworm Ennomus subsignarius (Hbn.) in a silviculturally unmanaged, old-growth conifer …

Assessing the potential for ecological impacts of pesticides requires a hierarchical approach
with research ranging from simple laboratory to complex field experiments and operational …