Most natural (or biological) materials are complex composites whose mechanical properties
are often outstanding, considering the weak constituents from which they are assembled …

Bone and nacre are the most-known biological hard tissues to materials researchers.
Although highly mineralized, both bone and nacre are amazingly tough and exhibit …

Accurate analysis of composite delamination using interface elements relies on having
sufficient elements within a softening region known as the cohesive zone ahead of a crack …

The cohesive element (CE) has been widely used to model delamination in laminated
composites. The penalty stiffness, interfacial strength and fracture toughness are three CE …

Quantitative assessment of the strength and toughness of bone has become an integral part
of many biological and bioengineering studies on the structural properties of bone and their …

The approach used by Materials Science and Engineering is revealing new aspects in the
structure and properties of biological materials. The integration of advanced …

The accumulation of advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) in the organic matrix of bone
with aging and chronic disease such as diabetes is thought to increase fracture risk …

A cohesive surface theory of fracture is a phenomenological continuum framework that is
closely related to classical fracture mechanics. As such it shares the advantages and …

Tooth fracture is a major concern in the field of restorative dentistry. However, knowledge of
the causes for tooth fracture has developed from contributions that are largely based within …

Bone is an outstanding, well-designed composite. It is constituted by a multi-level structure
wherein its properties and behavior are dependent on its composition and structural …