Despite its short history, diffraction-unlimited fluorescence microscopy techniques have
already made a substantial imprint in the biological sciences. In this review, we describe …

Current proteomic studies clarified canonical synaptic proteins that are common to many
types of synapses. However, proteins of diversified functions in a subset of synapses are …

Recent clinical studies have revealed that the serum levels of toxic hydrophobic bile acids
(deoxy cholic acid, lithocholic acid [LCA], and glycoursodeoxycholic acid) are significantly …

Dopaminergic neurons modulate neural circuits and behaviors via dopamine (DA) release
from expansive, long range axonal projections. The elaborate cytoarchitecture of these …

Action control is a key brain function determining the survival of animals in their
environment. In mammals, neurons expressing dopamine D2 receptors (D2R) in the dorsal …

Dopamine's ability to oxidize to aminochrome explains why this molecule may be a
neurotoxic compound that induces toxicity in both cell lines and animal models …

Theanine, a unique and abundant non-proteinogenic amino acid in tea, confers to the tea
infusion its umami taste and multiple health benefits. Its content in new tea shoots is dynamic …

Neuronal networks within the spinal cord, collectively known as the central pattern generator
(CPG), coordinate rhythmic movements underlying locomotion. The transcription factor …

Genomics methodologies have significantly improved elucidation of Mendelian disorders.
The combination with high-throughput functional–omics technologies potentiates the …

In mammals, intrinsic 24 h or circadian rhythms are primarily generated by the
suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN). Rhythmic daily changes in the transcriptome and proteome of …