Determining the psychological, computational, and neural bases of confidence and
uncertainty holds promise for understanding foundational aspects of human metacognition …

In natural behaviour, animals actively interrogate their environments using endogenously
generated 'question-and-answer'strategies. However, in laboratory settings participants …

Most research in cognitive neuroscience explores how external stimuli are processed by the
brain. However, the brain also receives input from the internal body. We discuss here how …

Decisions are made with different degrees of consistency, and this consistency can be
linked to the confidence that the best choice has been made. Theoretical work suggests that …

People are often aware of their mistakes, and report levels of confidence in their choices that
correlate with objective performance. These metacognitive assessments of decision quality …

While judging their sensory environments, decision-makers seem to use the uncertainty
about their choices to guide adjustments of their subsequent behaviour. One possible …

Perceptual decision making is the process by which animals detect, discriminate, and
categorize information from the senses. Over the past two decades, understanding how …

Background Distortions in metacognition—the ability to reflect on and control other cognitive
processes—are thought to be characteristic of poor mental health. However, it remains …

Metacognition is the capacity to evaluate the success of one's own cognitive processes in
various domains; for example, memory and perception. It remains controversial whether …

Decisions vary in difficulty. Humans know this and typically report more confidence in easy
than in difficult decisions. However, confidence reports do not perfectly track decision …